PENGGUNAAN BAP DAN TDZ UNTUK PERBANYAKAN TANAMAN GAHARU (Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk.) (The Use of BAP and TDZ for Propagation of Agarwood (Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk.))

Agarwood (A. malaccensis Lamk.) is one of the important tropical forest trees, which produces a high economically valuable fragrant resinous wood. The increase of agarwood demand from year to year leads to uncontrolled illegal harvest of this plant from its natural habitat. To encounter this problem, there is an urgent need to develop agarwood plantation. Tissue culture is an alternative method to provide genetically good seedlings for plantation in the future due to its short period and mass quantity of planlet production. In addition, through this method, its might also provide homogenous plant, and free pest and diseases. The objectives of the study were (1) to find out the optimal concentration of BAP or TDZ for inducing shoot multiplication of agarwood in in vitro conditions. MS (Murashige And Skoog, 1962), was used as basal media. The experimental design of the research was completely randomized design (RAL) with treatment of BAP concentration (control; 0,50 ppm; 0,75 ppm; 1,0 ppm) or TDZ concentration (control; 0,25 ppm; 0,50 ppm; 0,75 ppm), in 3 units, of replicate every units consist of 4 bottles, every bottle containing one explants coming from axillaries and adventitious shoot explants. Results indicated that two types of agarwood explants grown in vitro in MS basal media containing BAP 0,50 ppm or TDZ 0,25 ppm produced the highest number of shoots and leaves of agarwood plantlets, as well as its plantlet shoot length.Keywords : BAP , TDZ , Agarwood, In Vitro

Leaf Morphology Traits of Shorea spp in Ex-Situ KHDTK Haurbentes

Shorea is a genus of the Dipterocarpaceae family which shows high economic and ecological values. Currently, market demand for wood is still met from natural forests that are degrading due to over exploitation. The degraded forests are included in the rehabilitation program that require significant number of planting stocks, mainly from seedlings or wildlings. Correct species identification of planting stocks, particularly wildlings, is an important first step in planting activities and it is relevant with Shorea spp planting stocks due to leaf morphology traits. This study was aimed to examine the traits of leaf morphology of four Shorea species for easy field identification. Samples were taken from five trees for each species. Morphological trait identification was conducted by leaf  observation and measurement. The results showed that all four species had the same apex shape. Six of the twelve morphological characteristic of the variable character can influence the morphological characteristics of the leaves, namely the roving leaf, leaf area, leaf length, aspect ratio, form factorand perimeter ratio of diameter. S. leprosula is similar to S. parvifolia, while S. ovalis is similar to S. guiso. Shorea leaf  character S. parvifolia differentiated from S. leprosula, while Shorea ovalis similar to Shorea guiso. The LP variable (length from the base of the leaf to the widest point of the leaf) is a variable that can be used as aleaf morphological characteristic of the four Shorea which are compared because each one has a different value. S. ovalis has the highest LP value, followed by S. guiso and S. leprosula, while S. parvifolia has the lowest LP value. Keywords: apex shape, identification, leaf morphology traits, Shore

Penggunaan Bap Dan Tdz Untuk Perbanyakan Tanaman Gaharu (Aquilaria Malaccensis Lamk.) (the Use of Bap and Tdz for Propagation of Agarwood (Aquilaria Malaccensis Lamk.))

Agarwood (A. malaccensis Lamk.) is one of the important tropical forest trees, which produces a high economically valuable fragrant resinous wood. The increase of agarwood demand from year to year leads to uncontrolled illegal harvest of this plant from its natural habitat. To encounter this problem, there is an urgent need to develop agarwood plantation. Tissue culture is an alternative method to provide genetically good seedlings for plantation in the future due to its short period and mass quantity of planlet production. In addition, through this method, its might also provide homogenous plant, and free pest and diseases. The objectives of the study were (1) to find out the optimal concentration of BAP or TDZ for inducing shoot multiplication of agarwood in in vitro conditions. MS (Murashige And Skoog, 1962), was used as basal media. The experimental design of the research was completely randomized design (RAL) with treatment of BAP concentration (control; 0,50 ppm; 0,75 ppm; 1,0 ppm) or TDZ concentration (control; 0,25 ppm; 0,50 ppm; 0,75 ppm), in 3 units, of replicate every units consist of 4 bottles, every bottle containing one explants coming from axillaries and adventitious shoot explants. Results indicated that two types of agarwood explants grown in vitro in MS basal media containing BAP 0,50 ppm or TDZ 0,25 ppm produced the highest number of shoots and leaves of agarwood plantlets, as well as its plantlet shoot length

Spatial Variability of Fruit and Seedling Growth of Mindi (Melia Azedarach L.) in Community Forest, West Java, Indonesia

Mindi (Melia azedarach L.) is mostly found in community forests of West Java. One of the important factors affecting productivity of community forests is the use of quality seed. Due to scarcity of seed sources, however, seed quality is not easily available. Currently, community forests serve also as ad hoc seed sources that are usually without appropriate quality assessment. This research was aimed to determine baseline information on spatial variability of mindi fruits collected from five seed sources, and seedling growths treated in seven different growing media consisting mixtures of soil, rice husk, sand and cattle manure. Five mindi populations were selected in the following villages: Nagrak (Bogor), Babakan Rema (Kuningan), Padasari (Sumedang), Sukakarya (Bogor) and Gambung (Bandung). The results showed that variability of seed dimension (CV=4.82-14.37%) and seedling growth (11.79-21.77%) were moderate. The mindi fruits from Nagrak were found to be the biggest in terms of size (1.22 ± 0.17 cm), weight (0.40 ± 0.04 g), and seed set (85.47 ± 15.09%). In addition, the seedling growth from Nagrak was also better than those of other villages showing its potential for future seed sources. Growing media containing cattle manure were observed consistently to be the best for seedling growth. The findings are useful in supporting scientifically the selection of seed sources from community forests

INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION ON EARLY GROWTH OF Neolamarckia cadamba MIQ. IN PROVENANCE-PROGENY TESTS IN WEST JAVA PROVINCE, INDONESIA

Genetic parameters on early growth of Neolamarckia cadamba, an indigenous species with potential as a source of wood timber, were estimated in open-pollinated provenance-progeny tests at two sites in West Java Province, Indonesia. The experiment was conducted using randomized complete block design with 12 provenances, 105 families and 5 replications of 4-tree row plots. Total height and root collar diameter were measured at the age of 18 months growth. Significant differences among the provenances and families within provenances were observed for height and collar diameter at all sites, except for the collar diameter of among provenances at Parungpanjang site. In general, Garut (GSJ) provenance performed better growth at the two sites than Kualakencana (KKP) and Nusa Kambangan (NKJ) provenances. The evaluation of component of variance at the two sites showed that the provenance effects (ranging from 0.5 to 1.7%) contributed more to total variance than family within provenance effects(ranging from 0.4 to 0.6%). Genetic correlations between height and collar diameter were weak to moderate. Heritability was low for all traits at Limbangan, while at Parungpanjang, the heritability was moderate. Estimation of genetic gain for height and diameter by proportional selected family 0.30 was 0.13 and 0.18 for Limbangan and 0.31 and 0.16 for Parungpanjang. Heritability measurement should be sustained to reach stable value. Stable heritability combined with selection of family and selection within family will improve genetic gain.Keywords: Genetic correlation, genetic parameter, heritability, Neolamarckia cadamba, progeny, provenance, selectio

Karakteristik Tapak, Benih Dan Bibit 11 Populasi Jabon Putih (Anthocepalus Cadamba Miq.)

White jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba Miq.) is a potential fast-growing tree species which naturally distributed in most of Indonesia islands. The study aims to assess the characteristic of site and morphophysiological variation of seeds and seedlings of white jabon. The seeds were collected from 11 natural populations, i.e. Sumatera (3 populations), Java (2 populations), Nusa Kambangan (1 population), Kalimantan (2 populations), Sulawesi (2 populations), and Sumbawa (1 population). The research revealed that white jabon naturally grows at elevations ranging from 23–628 m asl, pH 4.4–6.7 and in the low to high soil fertility condition. Significant differences were found for all fruits, seeds and seedling characters except for radicle length. The fruit morphological characters showed significant positive correlations with several seedling growth characters. Seed length was positively correlated with mean time of germination and radicle length. Most of the seed and seedling characters were not significant correlation with geo-climate variables of the populations. Percentage of genotypic coefficient of variance for all of the parameters was higher than percentage of environmental coefficient of variation

Pengembangan metode penanda genetika molekuler untuk lacak balak (studi kasus pada jati)

Tracking timber on teak and teak wood products can be conducted using different methods, such as DNA finger printing, chemical composition of the wood, Near Infra Red spectra (NIR) and stable isotopes. Samples were collected from wood material and leaves in Java (9 Forest Management Units district) of Perhutani to determine: i) pattern of genetic variation within and among populations, ii) to determine the protocol for DNA extraction from wood, and iii) to study the feasibility of DNA marker for timber tracking in the field. Results show that: i) genetic variation of cpDNA (PCR-RFLP) is low, while RAPD variation is moderate, ii) there are differences in chemical composition of wood among the Forest Management Units (FMUs) of Perhutani, iii) variation of isotopic carbon and oxygen in Central and East Java were higher than from of West Java, iv) absorbtion intensity of NIR in West Java was higher than for Central and East Java, and iv) testing of DNA marker showed that genetic structure in the forest site is not significantly different from that in log yards, indicating that the timber flow is still according to the procedure. RAPD marker also is able to determine the origin of illegal timber and wood in industry without clear identity. Keywords: genetik marker, teak, timber trackin

SERI PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN POT RAMAH LINGKUNGAN: UPAYA PEMBERDAYAAN PETANI ANGGREK DI PAPUA DAN PAPUA BARAT

Papuan orchid species have triggered orchid enthusiasts to be hunted for many purposes such as ornamental plants, medicinal plants and even to breeding program. This intention has encouraged locals who have the resources to trade orchids and extracted from their natural habitat without taking into consideration on how to sustain this resources for the future. Efforts should be conducted in order to enlighten the community not only to preserve this resources but also to encourage locals on how to gain benefit economically using orchids as income generate to support their daily life. Adding to this attempts, extension program such as using materials to create media to grow orchids from coconut waste and sago disposal as basic materials. We employed extension program, focus group discussion, short training course and practicum during the implementation of the activities in each location. Six sites were chosen where the orchid growers and nurseries run by locals and communities living in reserve and non-reserve areas. Five sites located in Jayapura Regency, Jayapura City, Keerom Regency, Biak Regency of Papua Province and Manokwari Regency at West Papua Province. Materials to create media to grow orchids comes from coconut waste and sago disposal as basic materials. Wires and metal screen were used to make frame for potting. We also use tools such as clipper to cut wire. All participants were actively showing their enthusiast to gain knowledge during the course. Some have ask about species name whereas others addressing question of how to reproduce the orchids as well as how to maintain the orchids using home made pot.Keywords:  Extension program; community empowerment; organic waste; orchid